Market-rate employee ownership funds that lend subordinated mezzanine debt to ESOP transactions fit best in private credit allocations, according to 11 interviews with asset allocators and advisors. The funds target 10 to 15% net IRR, lend to established companies valued at about 4 to 6x EBITDA, rely on a seller note of 10 to 20% as the first-loss layer, and run as closed-end vehicles with roughly 10-year lockups.
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Asset allocators and their advisors get a four-part test (transaction, return, risk, liquidity) for placing ESOP mezzanine debt funds, plus the right benchmark. Managers raising funds for ESOP lending can use it to anticipate allocator questions.
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